Formulation and
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Bath bomb containing Butea monosperma, Calendula officinalis, Beta
vulgaris, Curcuma longa, Cocos nucifera for management of Eczema
Sachin B. Narkhede*, Shailesh V. Luhar, Tejal
Disagar, Khushi D. Rana, Kajal A. Shah,
Mansi M. Tandel,
Hemil K. Modi, Ankita
Jha
Smt. BNB Swaminarayan Pharmacy College, NH No 48, Shree Swaminarayan Gurukul Salvav, Vapi,
Gujarat 396191, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: bnbswaminarayan@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Atopic dermatitis,
commonly refers to as eczema, is the most prevalent type of dermatitis. It is
believed that the etiology involves both genetic and environmental components. While there are numerous allopathic treatments for eczema that are available on the market, the most
of them have moderate to severe side effects. To address this, the goal of this research
is to develop and evaluate bath bombs containing Butea monosperma, Calendula
officinalis, Beta vulgaris, Curcuma longa, Cocos nucifera to alleviate the
symptoms. By using the zone of inhibition technique, this method determines the
formulation’s antibacterial property, and the outcomes are compared to
Clobetasol Propionate Cream. This study uses a variety of metrices, such as
effervescent time, pH, foaming index, skin irritation, and proliferation of
microorganisms to assess the safe and efficient use of bath bomb.
INTRODUCTION:
Strong itching and repeated eczematous
lesions are the hallmark of atopic dermatitis, sometimes referred to as atopic eczema,
a chronic inflammatory skin condition.1 With a chronic
relapsing-remitting nature, atopic
eczema is an itchy, inflammatory skin diseases that affects up to 25% of
school-aged children and 10% of adults in developed countries. Its prevalence
has increased in recent decades.2
The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is
complicated and involves
environmental factors, cell-mediated immune responses, IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, and barrier failure.
Genetic
mutations impact the function of the epidermal barrier, increasing water
loss, changing the pH, and
dehydrating the body. The imbalance of Th2 to Th1 cytokines contributes to the
course of the illness.The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus) is
the most prevalent cause of secondary eczema infection.
Butea monosperma is native to tropical and subtropical regions
of South East Asia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam,
western Indonesia, Thailand, and the Indian Subcontinent, Butea monosperma is a
deciduous tree. In regional tongues, it is also referred
to as Bastard teak, Forest
flame, Bengal Kino tree, Palash,
and Kesudo. It is a member
of the Fabaceae family and the order Fabales. The
Palash tree produces orange-scarlet blooms with five petals: two little
wings-shaped petals, one bent beak-shaped keel, and one regular petal. This keel gives rise to the name
"Parrot Tree."3 The importance of the palash
tree extends to its religious
and therapeutic uses. Ayurvedic medicine uses many components of this
tree for their individual medicinal advantages.4
The perennial herb Curcuma longa belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, which includes ginger. The plant is widely grown in Asia, India, China, and other
tropical nations. It can reach a height of three to five feet. It produces
yellow blooms in the shape of a funnel and has oblong, pointed leaves.5
Pot or Marigold, Marigold, or calendula,
is a herbaceous aromatic plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It grows to
a height of approximately three feet and has fragrant, resinous, and loose
stems that are sparsely branched. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, fuzzy on
both sides, and have irregularly toothed or wavy borders. They range in length
from around 2 to 7 inches.6
The medicinal roots of Beta vulgaris L., a kind of beet,
are used for their therapeutic qualities. Talaains, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, organic
acids, saponins, carbohydrates, salts, minerals, carotenoids, sesquiterpenoids,
coumarins, and vitamins C and B complex are among its constituents.7
The semi-parasitic, evergreen sandal tree,
also called habitat, is a tiny to medium-sized tree that grows in arid regions
of peninsular India, especially in Mysore and Tamil Nadu. Although it has been
brought to Rajasthan, some areas of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Orissa,
the sandalwood that is produced there is typically of lower quality. Over 90% of sandalwood oil is made up of
santalol, which is the primary ingredient that gives the oil
its distinctive smell
and therapeutic qualities. Hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and acids are some of the other ingredients.8
A tropical fruit with a long history of
traditional medical applications is the coconut (Cocos nucifera). The
pharmacognostic profile of this plant includes many sections, each with specific
medicinal qualities. According to botany, the coconut palm is a huge
palm tree that is distinguished by its lofty trunk, fluffy fronds, and clusters of large, hairy,
brown coconuts. The fruit is made up of an outer hard shell, an inside kernel
that contains coconut water, and a fiber husk.9
MATERIAL AND METHOD:
Plant materials: Beetroot, turmeric powder, and Butea monosperma flowers
were gathered from the Valsad district. The butea monosperma flower was cleaned, shade-dried, and ground into a powder
using a mixture grinder. The Delhi-based
cosmetic business Kazima Aromatic was the source of the calendula oil order.
Chemicals and reagents:
Sodium bicarbonate, Citric acid, Magnesium sulphate, Corn starch,
Cocoa butter, Kaolin
clay, SLS
Preparation of Powder: Gathering completely bloomed
flowers, washing, drying,
grinding, sifting through
a fine mesh sieve, and keeping
them in an airtight container away from heat, moisture, and direct sunshine
are the steps involved in making Butea monosperma flower powder. By doing this, the powder is guaranteed to stay potent
and fresh for extended periods of time.
In order to make beetroot powder, choose
firm, ripe, and fresh beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Give them a thorough
wash and consider peeling them to remove the outer layer. For quicker drying,
cut the beetroot
into thin slices or use a
grater. Arrange the slices onto the tray and allow them to dry for a duration
of six to twelve hours. Use a grinder to ground
the beetroot into a fine powder, then strain the powder through
a fine mesh screen to get a finer
powder.
Fresh,
firm rhizomes should be chosen,
cleaned, boiled, and then dried in a well-ventilated place
to make turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) . You can use a mortar and pestle to grind them into a fine powder
or a fine mesh sieve to strain them. Away from moisture,
heat, and direct sunlight, store the powder in an airtight container.
Method: In order to compare the bath bomb solution's zone of inhibition to that
of clobestasol cream in an agar medium, the cup-plate diffusion method was
employed.
Determination of zone of inhibition: Agar plates were ready. In an agar medium, Staphylococcus aureus was cultured. After allowing the plates to dry,
a sterile cork borer was used to create three 10-mm wells. The resultant bath
bomb solution was poured using a micropipette to each well of the incubated
plates. The plates were then incubated at 37° C for 48 hours after the extract
had been allowed to stand for 10 to 15 minutes to diffuse. Following the
incubation period, plates were checked to see if there was a clear zone around
the extract-containing wells.
The mean inhibition Zone diameter after 24hrs of incubation of gram positive
S. Aureus is
found to be.
DISCUSSION:
Zone of inhibition explains the prepared
bath bomb's antimicrobial effect. The safe and effective use of bath bombs is
evaluated in this study using a range of metrics, including effervescent time,
pH, foaming index, skin irritation, and microbe proliferation. Using
antimicrobial substances like calendula oil, coconut oil, parsley powder, and turmeric powder
also improved the anti-microbial action.
By employing magnesium sulfate, the bath bomb's formulation also has
muscle-relaxing qualities. Because calendula contains tannins and flavonoids
that limit the growth
of Staphylococcus aureus,
one of the bacteria that causes dermatitis, the bath bomb's
antimicrobial action was increased.
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